Doubt

Erik Dane recommends that experts deliberately focus some of their attention outside their specialized field to find “doubt-inducing exceptions” to their beliefs about the best approach for their work. He points out that doubt is often considered an important element of wisdom. This doubt functions not to reduce experts’ confidence but to build their flexibility by helping them question their own habits, use their creativity, and seek out additional challenging experiences.

How You Learn Is How You Live: Using Nine Ways of Learning to Transform Your Life
Chapter Five – Learning Flexibility and the Road Ahead Berrett-Koehler Publishers © 2017

Dane, Erik, “Reconsidering the Trade-Off between Expertise and Flexibility: A Cognitive Entrenchment Perspective,” The Academy of Management Review, vol. 35, no. 4, October 2010, pp. 579-603.